Cynthia Eden the Devil in Disguise Read Online

5th alphabetic character of the Latin alphabet

This article is about the letter. For other uses of the symbol e or Due east, see East (disambiguation).

E
E eastward
(See below)
Usage
Writing system	Latin script
Blazon	Alphabetic
Linguistic communication of origin	Latin language
Phonetic usage	[e] [e̞] [ɛ] [ə] [ɪ~i] [ɘ] [ʲe] [h] (English variations)
Unicode codepoint	U+0045, U+0065
Alphabetical position	five
History
Evolution	Ε ε ϵ 𐌄 E e
Time period	c. 700 BC to present
Descendants	♯ Ə Æ Œ € ℮ Ǝ ∈ ℯ ℇ ℰ ℥ &
Sisters	Е Э Є Ё Ә Һ ה ه ܗ Ɛ Ե ե Է է Ը ը ࠄ 𐎅 Ⲉ
Variations	(Run into below)
Other
Other messages commonly used with	ee
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, run across Help:IPA. For the distinction betwixt [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, meet IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

E, or east, is the 5th letter of the alphabet and the 2nd vowel letter of the alphabet in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is e (pronounced ); plural ees,^[1] Es or E's.^[2] Information technology is the most commonly used letter in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English language, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Castilian, and Swedish. ^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7]}

History

Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ	Proto-Sinaitic	Proto-Canaanite hillul	Phoenician He	Etruscan East	Greek Epsilon	Latin/ Cyrillic Due east

The Latin letter 'E' differs little from its source, the Greek letter of the alphabet epsilon, 'Ε'. This in turn comes from the Semitic letter hê, which has been suggested to accept started every bit a praying or calling human figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was about likely based on a like Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a different pronunciation. In Semitic, the letter of the alphabet represented /h/ (and /e/ in strange words); in Greek, hê became the alphabetic character epsilon, used to represent /e/. The various forms of the Quondam Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.

Utilize in writing systems

Pronunciation of the name of the alphabetic character ⟨east⟩ in European languages

English

Although Middle English spelling used ⟨e⟩ to correspond long and short /e/, the Great Vowel Shift changed long /eː/ (every bit in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while curt /ɛ/ (as in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the alphabetic character is silent, generally at the cease of words similar queue.

Other languages

In the orthography of many languages it represents either [e], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such as a nasalized version) of these sounds, oftentimes with diacritics (as: ⟨e ê é è ë ē ĕ ě ẽ ė ẹ ę ẻ⟩) to indicate contrasts. Less commonly, as in French, German language, or Saanich, ⟨eastward⟩ represents a mid-central vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨eastward⟩ are mutual to indicate either diphthongs or monophthongs, such as ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English language, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨european union⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in German.

Other systems

The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨east⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid front unrounded vowel.

Nearly common alphabetic character

'E' is the nigh mutual (or highest-frequency) alphabetic character in the English language alphabet (starting off the typographer'south phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and data compression. In the story "The Gold-Bug" by Edgar Allan Poe, a graphic symbol figures out a random graphic symbol code by remembering that the most used letter in English is E. This makes information technology a hard and popular letter to use when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright's Gadsby (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at least part of Wright's narrative issues were caused by language limitations imposed past the lack of Due east."^[8] Both Georges Perec'south novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English translation past Gilbert Adair omit 'east' and are considered ameliorate works.^[9]

Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet

• Eastward with diacritics: Ĕ ĕ Ḝ ḝ Ȇ ȇ Ê ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ề Ế ế Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ẻ ẻ Ḙ ḙ Ě ě Ɇ ɇ Ė ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹ Ë ë È è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅ É é É̩ Ē ē Ḕ ḕ Ḗ ḗ Ẽ ẽ Ḛ ḛ Ę ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ^[10]
• ⱸ : E with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet^[11]
• Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
• Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
• The umlaut diacritic ¨ used higher up a vowel letter in German language and other languages to indicate a fronted or front end vowel (this sign originated every bit a superscript due east)
• Phonetic alphabet symbols related to Due east (the International Phonetic Alphabet only uses lowercase, but capital forms are used in some other writing systems):
  • Ɛ ɛ : Latin alphabetic character epsilon / open up due east, which represents an open-mid front unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ᶓ : Epsilon / open east with retroflex hook^[10]
  • Ɜ ɜ : Latin letter reversed epsilon / open eastward, which represents an open-mid cardinal unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ɝ : Latin small letter reversed epsilon / open up e with hook, which represents a rhotacized open-mid central vowel in the IPA
  • ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open east with retroflex claw^[x]
  • ᶟ : Modifier letter modest reversed epsilon / open up east^[x]
  • ɞ : Latin small letter airtight reversed open e, which represents an open-mid central rounded vowel in IPA (shown as ʚ on the 1993 IPA chart)
  • Ə ə : Latin letter schwa, which represents a mid fundamental vowel in the IPA
  • Ǝ ǝ : Latin letter turned eastward, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
  • ɘ : Latin letter of the alphabet reversed e, which represents a shut-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
• The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses diverse forms of e and epsilon / open up e:^[12]
  • U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN Letter of the alphabet SMALL CAPITAL E
  • U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN Pocket-size Letter TURNED Open up E
  • U+1D31 ᴱ MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL E
  • U+1D32 ᴲ MODIFIER LETTER Capital letter REVERSED East
  • U+1D49 ᵉ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet Pocket-sized E
  • U+1D4B ᵋ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet SMALL Open up E
  • U+1D4C ᵌ MODIFIER Alphabetic character Small TURNED Open E
  • U+2C7B ⱻ LATIN LETTER SMALL Capital letter TURNED E ^[13]
• _eastward : Subscript small-scale east is used in Indo-European studies^[14]
• Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to E:^[15]
  • U+AB32 ꬲ LATIN SMALL LETTER BLACKLETTER E
  • U+AB33 ꬳ LATIN SMALL Letter BARRED East
  • U+AB34 ꬴ LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH FLOURISH

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

• 𐤄 : Semitic alphabetic character He (letter of the alphabet), from which the following symbols originally derive
  • Ε ε : Greek alphabetic character Epsilon, from which the following symbols originally derive
    • Е е : Cyrillic letter Ye
    • Є є : Ukrainian Ye
    • Э э : Cyrillic alphabetic character E
    • Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic alphabetic character Ei
    • 𐌄 : Old Italic Due east, which is the ancestor of modern Latin Eastward
      • ᛖ : Runic letter Ehwaz, which is maybe a descendant of One-time Italic East
    • 𐌴 : Gothic letter eyz

Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations

• € : Euro sign.
• ℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for auction within the European Marriage).
• east : the symbol for the uncomplicated charge (the electric charge carried by a single proton)
• ∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic. Information technology is read "there exists ... such that".
• ∈ : the symbol for set membership in set up theory.
• 𝑒 : the base of the natural logarithm.

Code points

Graphic symbol information

Preview	E		due east
Unicode proper noun	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER East		LATIN Modest LETTER East
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	69	U+0045	101	U+0065
UTF-8	69	45	101	65
Numeric character reference	E	E	e	e
EBCDIC family	197	C5	133	85
ASCII i	69	45	101	65

¹ Besides for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other representations

In British Sign Linguistic communication (BSL), the letter 'e' is signed by extending the index finger of the right manus touching the tip of alphabetize on the left hand, with all fingers of left hand open.

Use as a number

In the hexadecimal (base 16) numbering arrangement, E is a number that corresponds to the number 14 in decimal (base of operations x) counting.

References

1. ^ "E" a alphabetic character Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged (1993). Ees is the plural of the name of the letter; the plural of the letter of the alphabet itself is rendered E's, Es, e'southward, or eastwarddue south.
2. ^ "E". Oxford Lexicon of English (3rd ed.). Oxford Academy Printing. 2010. ISBN9780199571123. noun (plural Es or E's)
3. ^ Kelk, Brian. "Letter frequencies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2022-02-02 .
4. ^ Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English Evidently text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Central Higher. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
5. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in Castilian". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
6. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in French". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
7. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Messages in German". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
8. ^ Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Dance: Recreational Word Play. New York: St. Martin's Press (1996): 3
9. ^ Eckler (1996): iii. Perec's novel "was and so well written that at to the lowest degree some reviewers never realized the existence of a letter constraint."
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
11. ^ Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). "L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
12. ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
13. ^ Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). "L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding iii Additional Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
14. ^ Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). "L2/04-191: Proposal to encode half-dozen Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-xi. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
15. ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/xi-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-ten-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .

External links

myerswentre.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E

Share this post